Abuse in the Novel Beloved Essay

Many of the characters from the novel Beloved suffered extreme abuse. Sethe, an independent mother, was no exception to the abuse. Sethe survived through many different accounts of mistreatment. The school teacher’s nephews made Sethe suffer the cruelest oppression. They held her down against her will, while she was pregnant, and brutally stole the milk that her body was producing for her child. This is the worst pain for Sethe because, besides the obvious obtrusions, she feared she would not be able to provide for her baby after it was born. A mother’s worst fear is being unable to provide for her children and this is the fear they instilled in her. This was not the end of the violence toward Sethe from these[insert a word that means a group of abusers here]. When the school teacher founds out that Sethe tells of the mistreatment she suffered because of his nephews he orders them to whip her. Sethe is brutally beaten by this group of young men. The result of the merciless beaten is a form of large scars that shape a tree on Sethe’s back. The tree may be a symbol of a family tree, and in Sethe’s case an incomplete family tree. Sethe’s family tree is incomplete because she killed her daughter, Beloved. The ghost of Sethe’s murdered daughter, Beloved, haunts the house where Sethe and the rest of her family live. The ghost torments them enough to drives away Sethe’s two sons, Howard and Buglar. Sethe undergoes torment from almost every possible angle but she refuses to run away any more.

“Journey’s End” by R.C. Sherriff Essay

How does R.C Sherriff present life in the trenches for the soldiers or World War 1 and the conditions they had to endure? In the play â€Å"Journey’s End† by R.C. Sherriff, he describes many conditions that the soldiers had to endure. Life in the trenches was bad, but the men who were signing up for the war were told that it was all a big game, a walk in the park. However, when they got there they got a shock. R.C. Sherriff wanted to tell them all to know the truth about the war. First he starts the play by describing the living conditions: [A pale glimmer of the moonlight shines down the narrow steps into one corner of the dugout.] The words â€Å"narrow† and â€Å"corner† show that they live in a small, narrow and cramped place. Not only was it cramped but it was muddy, cold and wet, and it would be very uncomfortable. If the moonlight can come into the dugout and hit onto a corner of the wall, shows that it is very small and with a company of soldiers living their then that will make it even tighter and there wouldn’t be much privacy. The soldiers had to sleep in their uniforms to stay warm, and incase there was an attack at any point, then they would be ready at a moments notice. [As he carefully turns his sock this way and that – feeling it against his face to see if it’s dry,] Having it on constantly would cause moist to appear in the boots and any crevices in the body so they had to stay as clean as possible. But when they took off their boots, because they had them on for a long time, often their toes would come off as well. When reading this, I thought about how uncomfortable they must feel, and this same message would be out to all other readers, and would put people off from going to war. As well as the cramped, cold and wet conditions, they had to put up with little rations of food that tasted horrible, but on occasions, a nice piece of chicken. These are the men that are fighting for our countries, and our lives, and all they get is a small ration and a â€Å"cheer up† from the next poor sap who has to suffer: Trotter: What’s this? Maison: Meat sir. Trotter: I know that. What sort? Maison: Sort of cutlet, sir. The words â€Å"sort of cutlet† shows that the food that they get is low quality, a sort of meat that not good enough to be actual cutlet, and it’s not good enough to feed the British Army. They are being fed the bare essentials, and if they got any less then I think that they would die from malnutrition. This would also put people off from going to war, because they know that if they are not going to be treated accordingly, and not like animals, then they wont go to war. If the soldiers weren’t worrying about their food, then they were definitely worrying about the war itself. Many men went mad because of the loud crashes of the bombs and the constant rattle of the guns, some soldiers were so afraid of the war, and because they were told that it was a game, then they would make up conditions so that they didn’t have to fight: â€Å"I don’t think that I can manage any supper tonight, Stanhope. It’s this beastly neuralgia. It seems to be right inside this eye. The beastly pain gets worse every day.† The words â€Å"beastly† â€Å"pain† and â€Å"worse† shows that the conditions were so bad, that Hibbert would pretend that he had neuralgia so that he could be sent home. There were many men out in the war who didn’t want to be there, but had to go, and they would try anything to get home. Some soldiers, because of the pressure to go out and fight, they would kill themselves, but this was rare. Along with the pressure of war, they had to deal with other things that affected the mind, like sleep and other people’s thoughts. When they didn’t get enough sleep they would get agitated and would spend days without sleep, and if they got on the wrong side of someone, then this would agitate them more, and could lead to outburst at the smallest things: Stanhope: Sit down. Raleigh: It’s all right, thanks. Stanhope (Suddenly shouting) Sit down! Stanhope had not slept for days and just the little thing of Raleigh getting on the wrong side of him made him snap. R.C. Sherriff shows that Stanhope is angry in the stage directions: (Suddenly shouting). He gives the reader the impression that Raleigh, because he is the newest, that he doesn’t fit in with the rest of the group, that what he is doing is wrong, because he doesn’t know any better. Because of this Stanhope gets very angry very quickly. All of these are ways of showing the conditions in which the men had to face during the war. Not only was it the war itself but the pressure of being in a cramped environment, with lots of other men, in the cold and dirt, with little food. R.C. Sherriff brings to the readers what the conditions of war are really like.

SQL Queries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SQL Queries - Essay Example Description I have added a sub query in WHERE clause to filter those students who have no placement. f. List the names and student ids for students who have gained employment with the company that they undertook a placement at. SELECT DISTINCT Student.stu_fname, Student.stu_no FROM Employment, Student, Placement WHERE Student.stu_no=Employment.stu_no And Student.stu_no=Placement.stu_no And Placement.co_id=Employment.co_id; Description: In this query I have selected Employment, Student, Placement tables and have joined them. In addition to that, I have also patched Company ID of Placement with Employment table as well. g. List the names and student ids for students that have undertaken precisely two (2) placements. SELECT DISTINCT Student.stu_fname, Student.stu_no FROM Student WHERE (( SELECT count(*) FROM Placement WHERE (Student.stu_no=Placement.stu_no) ) >= 2 ); Description: I have added a sub query in WHERE clause to filter those students who have at least two placements. h. List the names and student ids for all students and sort the list in reversed alphabetical order (Z to A). SELECT DISTINCT Student.stu_fname, Student.stu_no FROM Student ORDER BY Student.stu_fname DESC; Description: In this query I have added ORDER BY clause to sort data in Descending order. i. Show the average length for placements, where the placement is with Sony and the student goes on to gain employment (with any company). SELECT Company.co_name, avg(SELECT count(*) FROM Placement, Student, Employment WHERE Placement.co_id=Company.co_id and student.stu_no=Employment.stu_no And student.stu_no=Placement.stu_no ) FROM company GROUP BY Company.co_name, Company.co_id HAVING Company.co_name='Sony'; Description: First I have selected the Average number of placements... In a correctly implemented database a student may not be employed and on a placement at the same point in time. However in such a database it is still possible for a student to secure employment before they have completed their placement (i.e. having a starting date for employment while still on placement). Create a query that lists all such occurrences.

Privatizing Social Security is the best way to deal with the Social Essay

Privatizing Social Security is the best way to deal with the Social Security crisis - Essay Example During his initial campaign for the presidency and into his first term in office, President Bush outlined and championed a method that could save this ailing, enormously costly and inefficient socialist conceived dinosaur by introducing a streamlined plan that would privatize social security. This discussion briefly explains how Social Security is collected and distributed, how it affects different segments of society and why the fund is shrinking. It then examines the Bush administration’s proposed solution to the problem and appraises the merits of the plan to privatize Social Security. The Social Security system operates by collecting taxpayer money and redistributing it to selected persons in need. Employees pay about six percent of their salary into Social Security and their employer contributes a matching amount. The fund earns interest by investing in U.S. Treasury bonds then pays retirees who have paid into the fund as employees. It also pays to the spouses of deceased retirees and to disabled persons of working age. Half of the nation’s elderly would live below the poverty line if not for the benefits paid by Social Security as opposed to the ten percent presently in poverty. Today, nearly 60 percent of retirees acquire more than half of their income from Social Security. For a third of recipients, benefits account for 90 percent of their total income (Epstein, 2006 p. 12-15) Today, Social Security is taking in slightly more money than it is paying out. According to government estimates, the reverse will be true â€Å"within the next fifteen to twenty years† (Johnson, 2006) but will still be capable of paying full benefits until about 2042. The Social Security Administration estimates that the funding balance will tip by 2028 and steadily decline until the fund is exhausted in 2042 at which time it will retain the interest paid from the Treasury bonds and when that is depleted these bonds are sold back to the

Strategic Audit of Twitter Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Strategic Audit of Twitter Company - Essay Example Additionally, the alternative strategy relating to advertising services will be an effective measure for improving profit margin. Current Performance. In the present contemporary era, social media technologies are identified to play an effective role in the field of communication. Presently, there are several social networking service providers and Twitter is one of them. Online users with the use of Twitter are able to convey as well as read short messages with 140 characters. The social networking service provider has offered the global people with a platform for expressing as well as performing conversation relatively at cheaper rate. The service provider has been performing operations with better effectiveness over the years. In this respect, during the year 2013, the company has been conducting operations with revenue of around US$ 176.2 million. However, the company incurred loss of around US$ 645.3 in the same year. The revenue growth rate of the company has been slow due to lessening user base (Twitter, Inc., â€Å"Annual Report 2013†). The company has made investment in different spheres that include technology infrastructure, sales and marketing, research and development (R&D), expansion operations, retaining employees and strategic opportunities among others. In this regard, the company is identified to witness fluctuation in return on investment (ROI) for investors and shareholders. ROI of the company has been positive for the advertisers, as they are able to generate better returns on their investments (Twitter, Inc., â€Å"Annual Report 2013†). Twitter is a US based company. The company has expanded business operation on a global context in different countries that include Brazil, the UK, Australia, Canada and Japan. In this regard, the number of users of the company has increased to a substantial level. Based on the

Capital Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capital Budgeting - Essay Example There are various capital budgeting techniques which are used in evaluation of a project so to determine its viability they include; net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index, average rate of return, pay-back period and modified internal rate of return. Guillermo Furniture is faced with three investment situations, which are to continue with the current production, adopt high-tech production, or act as a broker. Therefore, there is need to ascertain which of the investment will yield the highest returns to the firm. In order to carry out efficient investment appraisal, we will involve four capital budgeting techniques. The techniques that will be applied in this case will include; computation of net present value, internal rate of return, average rate of return and the profitability index. Net present value is capital techniques which uses discounted cash flows. It estimate the present value of future cash out flow and discount the future cash flow using cost of capital of the country ( the cost of equity for unlevered firm and Weighted average cost of capital for the levered firm). After ascertaining the present value of all cash flow of Guillermo furniture, the cash flow are summed up (cash inflows are positive while cash outflows are negative) (Shapiro, 2005).

Visa Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Visa Inc - Research Paper Example Visa Inc. (2011) is a company that was founded from the simple idea of digital currency, but had managed to connect millions of businesses, consumers, financial institutions, and even governments to each other in the short while that it has been operating. It allows its customers, in over 200 countries (Visa Inc, 2011) and areas to replace their cash and check transactions to digital transactions. It has a separate network named VisaNet (Visa Inc, 2011) for financial institution clients. VisaNet is a central and modular payments network that offers three important services of â€Å"risk management services, information services and transaction processing services† (Visa Inc, 2011) all together in one package. Furthermore, VisaNet (Visa Inc, 2011) is constantly working on ways to improve their service, so that people can utilize the method of electronic payments for several more purposes and in more places, because of the network size and payment expertise. This enterprise also provides financial institutions with recognized payment products, which they use to provide â€Å"cash-access, prepaid, debit and credit programs to customers of all types† (Visa Inc, 2011), people as well as state owned and private businesses. This company is the owner of the Visa brand, with their customers crossing several millions and with 1.8 million ATMs distributed worldwide amongst several countries and regions (Visa Inc, 2011). This company remains a frontrunner amongst all electronic transaction companies since the start of its operations. It initialized with credit cards and moved on to offer mobile payments and neural networks, being one of the first companies worldwide to offer such services, thus always remaining updated and developed in an already rapidly changing industry. Considering the large contribution of Visa’s payment platforms to global commerce, its support to all its customers seems invaluable. Visa Inc. (2011) itself does not deal directly with customers in terms of issuing cards or

Organizational change part i Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational change part i - Essay Example All stakeholders have to be involved in the change process for it to be effective. There are various types of change depending on which part of the organization needs to be changed. The most critical part of organizational change lies with the leaders. An organization’s leaders have to manage the change through planning, assessment and evaluation and have to ensure that every stakeholder in the organization buys in to the ides of change and is involved in it (Cole, Harris & Bernerth, 2006). Despite change being recognized as an inevitable and necessary evil in almost all spheres of life, organizational change poses a lot of challenges to leaders. Effective management of organizational change takes four main steps namely; recognizing the need to have effect the change, planning for the change, training staff with regard to the impending change, and getting support from the employees and other stakeholders during the change process (Cole, Harris & Bernerth, 2006). The first step involves conducting a systematic diagnosis of the organization as it is currently so as to identify the need for initiating change and determine the organization’s ability to manage the change. Planning process involves determining the objectives of the change as well as outlining the procedures to be taken when effecting the change. At the end of the change process, it is necessary to conduct an assessment of the whole process to determine if the objectives were met. Organizational change can be said to be successful if it meets its objectives and the benefits of the change are realized by the management and employees of the organization (Cole, Harris & Bernerth, 2006). Successful change also improves communication among employees and other stakeholders. Health care organizations have also encountered numerous challenges that have often forced them to change in one way or another so as to effectively treat patients (Rashid, 2007). Changes in lifestyles have led to emergence of new diseases while technology has made treatment of some diseases much easier. Healthcare organizations need to adopt technology and also support research so as to discover better ways of fighting diseases. This requires a change of strategy, mission, and mode of operation or human resource. In some cases change may be needed in all aspects of the organization (Rashid, 2007). Readiness for change is one of the issues that change management experts have focused on in the recent few years by recommending strategies that organizations need to take in order to be fully prepared for change. Readiness for change is a very crucial concept in healthcare given the ever changing nature of treatment. Healthcare organizations have to be strategically positioned so as to meet the demands brought about by change (Rashid, 2007). An organization’s readiness for change depends on various factors such as organizational culture, flexibility of the organization’s policies, and the abi lity of leaders to manage changes in the working environment. Managing change in a healthcare facility is not different from other organizations. The leaders have to be very assertive and proactive in steering health organizations in the right direction. This requires constant assessment of the current level of operations in the organization and determining what needs to be done so as to help improve treatment of patients. Departmental heads

Film Analysis of City of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film Analysis of City of God - Essay Example The story of City of God was adapted from the novel of the same name written by Paulo Sins. The central idea and the events portrayed in both the movie and the book are based upon actual incidents. The theme of City of God showcases the emerging criminal activities taking place in the sub-urban town of Rio de Janeiro. The criminal events showed in the movie were thought to be taking place between the end of 60s and in the early years of 80s. The movie discusses different social and political events which are present everywhere in every society of the world. It also shows that how these issues are eating the fabrics of a civilized society, what impact these issues are leaving on the minds of young generation and how lives of people are being affected by such events. City of God has received positive acclamation from all around the world due to the fact that the director has tried to convey the message of injustice and social infringement taking place not just in Brazil but everywhere in all parts of the world. Analysis of the movie: The director of the movie has made an effort to raise the questions concerning the social infrastructure, declining social values and growing youth crimes emerging in Brazil particularly in Robert de Janeiro which holds a strong position as a centre of all criminal activities. ... me of the movie revolve around the central idea that how lives of the poor people living in slums (favelas) of Rio were affected to the worse end in the time period of two decades. The movie is based upon real life events that are told through the eyes and words of a photographer Rocket who witness children and the youth of Rio taking a keen interest in forming street gangs and getting involved in drugs dealing and other criminal activities. The movie shows the clear transition of poor becoming poorer and rich becoming richer in Rio due to political instability and social injustice. The message conveyed through this movie is simple; it shows that how social inequality can harm the delicate minds of kids (in an imbalanced society as showed in the movie) which push them to transform into drug dealer, gangsters and wanted criminals. From â€Å"being a good human† their motive changes to â€Å"being rich and powerful.† The movie also raises the questions of political instab ility and corruption that are prevailing in Brazil from early times. Corruption in the country has further given rise to unequal distribution of wealth, divided society and racial discrimination which is expanding its sphere day by day greatly in different parts of Latin America (Jan Rocha). The story of City of God spans around two decades with 13 different characters; each representing a new face of violence with a tormented unrest soul. The movie revolves around violence which is an outcome of unjust social structure. The movie also highlights the burning question that how government fails to provide better living conditions and a promising future to the people of favelas. Civilized societies are known for their values, excellent social infrastructure, equality and justice. In advanced civilized

Black Suffering Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Black Suffering - Term Paper Example The idea of a "suffering God" was put forward by some black theologians who coined the term by re-reading the Bible and comparing it against the backdrop of the hardships, oppression and struggles faced by them (Badham, 1998). In order to interpret the biblical significance of 'liberation' and justice; the black theologians referred to the exodus, and the messages of the prophets. The Gospel story of life, death and resurrection of Jesus was used as a biblical foundation to interpret love, suffering, hope, liberation and justice with regard to the struggle for freedom of the blacks. However, it was the actual suffering of the blacks in various countries across the globe that brought to the fore, a drastic change in the interpretations and reflections of Jesus Christ on the cross (West, Glaude, 2003). The issue of black suffering and black theology The African-American Christians have, historically maintained two fundamental tenets – that of God being the most powerful and kind being, and the existence of evil and suffering. These concepts have been popular throughout the history of black religion, i.e. ever since the beginning of black slavery to the creation of black churches, and continues to thrive, even today in the post-liberation, and post-institutionalized world. The black theology is which developed as a result of the civil rights movement, led to the awakening of a new consciousness among the black Christians, whereby a new sense of dignity and social awareness were realized. It is not only concerned with resolving issues related to culture, but also with the harsh realities experienced by the Blacks in America. However, despite the differences, it does not intend to question the idea of God, but instead connect the ideology conveyed by him, that of the existence of evil and suffering (West, Glaude, 2003). The black theologians primarily emphasize the experiences of blacks as a central aspect of their theological norms. It is argued that the the ological interpretations must commence with issues faced by the blacks and thus, ascertain the relevance of such issues to the religious teachings. Conventionally, there exists a paradox within black theology, where the black believers never blame the God for the sufferings and hardships suffered by the blacks during their racial oppression. On the contrary, the black churches have always preached a gospel justifying and re-emphasizing the sufferings of the black race and its contribution in building a morally strong and positive character. Also, the black suffering has been linked to various positive traits among the blacks such as the development of a strong moral leadership among blacks; as well as the fostering of religious humility which is the ultimate goal (West, Glaude, 2003). As mentioned in God of the Oppressed: â€Å"The cross of Jesus reveals the extent of God's involvement in the suffering of the weak. God is not merely sympathetic with the social pain of the poor but becomes totally identified with them in their agony and pain. The pain of the oppressed is God's pain, for God takes their suffering as God's own, thereby freeing them from its ultimate control of their lives. . . . God in Christ became the Suffering Servant and thus took the humiliation and suffering of the oppressed into God's own history. This divine event that happened on the cross liberated the oppressed to

Article Summary Essay Example for Free

Article Summary Essay Upon reading the article there was a strong emphasis on the interaction from within the virtual classroom and the communication that the students had developed with the instructor and other students in the classroom. Due to the flexibility that the online classroom offers many people are signing up. In the past many people preferred the classroom setting, because it gave him or her, the capability of having interaction amongst peers. However since this has turned into a text, and email world many people have chosen to go to college online. The number one method of conversation used to be either in person or on the phone, now it is through text message and by email. The online classes do require participation and the way that participation is graded is by the involvement that the student makes with his or he peers. While online course enrolments continue to climb, retention and success rates in such courses and programs are frequently reported as typically lower than those delivered in a traditional classroom format; those of us in roles that support online students have a role in reversing that trend! (Schreck, 2006).Online classes take much dedication, and a structure of independence. Life in general can be busy and full of circumstances. It takes a person who can independently work on his or her own, and have a desire to complete task and finish the course facilitator participation When teachers interact with students during online classes, the students tend to participate more. Just knowing that even if there is not a teacher that is standing over you insuring that assignments are done, or that you are participating in group discussions or activities, initiates interaction. According to the text â€Å"the student’s online posts, online quizzes, and tests were analyzed using ATLAS software (Nagel, Blignaut Cronje, 2007). Since the virtual classroom does not have the capability of someone directly standing over a student, a strategic plan had to be developed in order to make sure the students were participating in daily classroom activities, as well as a test of his or her knowledge to  demonstrate that the student was actually obtaining and learning the information that has been taught. Through the discussion forum the teacher is able to analyze if the student is on the correct track, or if explanation needs to be given on a particular subject. Students have to have the desire to learn, as well as the desire to accomplish an online class. However the student must be dedicated to logging in, participating in the classroom discussions, and interacting with his or her peers and instructor. References Nagel, L., Blignaut, A.S., Cronje, J.C. (2007). Read-only participants: a case for student communication in online classes. Interactive Learning Environment, Vol17, 37-51.Retrieved December 10, 2012. Schreck, V. (2006). It takes a virtual village: Practical strategies for improving online learning Retention Rate. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from: www.innovativeeducators.org/product_p /38.htm.

Confession found in Prison Essay Example for Free

Confession found in Prison Essay Charles Dickens starts his story with a very light atmosphere with him describing a man who was sent abroad to fight for his country and how he was sent home and so he retired from the service. He doesnt expand on his experiences from the war at all, which maybe could be due to shame or loss of character. His wife and he then withdrew to the estate inherited by his wife which then belonged to him, as this was the done thing in at that time. After such a light hearted opening the atmosphere drops dramatically as he says this is the last night I have to live, this then causes the reader to want to read on with the question in the back of their head, why is that the last night he has to live? In that same paragraph he says I was never a brave man, and had always been from my childhood of a secret, distrustful nature this straight away informs the reader of the nature of this man, but I found this strange that a man who has come out and said that he was never very brave as a child, but years later found himself enrolled into the army. I speak of myself as if I had passed from the world, this indicated to me that he has come to terms with the fact that he is going to die, for whatever reason that may be, which builds increasing tension even this early in the story. The next paragraph explains the abstracted relationship with his brother, but they both found themselves married to two sisters. When I first read his wife knew me well, I never struggled with any secret jealousy or gall when she was present but that woman knew it as well as I did. I never raised my eyes at such times but I found hers fixed on me there are a few interpretation that could be taken from this, either she was really gazing upon him as they were in each others presence or that he found his imagination getting the better of him, however we can not be sure as I dont really trust his judgement as the narrator. I think the tension increases considerably and the atmosphere becomes very heavy when he talks of his relief that his brothers wife died abroad, I was afraid of her; she haunted me even after her death and this is where I started to question his sanity, he is almost saying that he can feel her eyes on him through her grave. When my brother knew that all hope of his own recovery was past, he called my wife to his bed-side, and confided child of four years old, to her protection I was very curious as to why he called his brothers wife to his bed-side rather than his brother, maybe he also shared the suspicions that not all was normal with his brother. Perhaps I hide the truth from myself, but I do not think that when this began, I meditated to do him any wrong at this point I believe he is realising that something is wrong with him and I found the tension rising as the reader is then wondering what the man is contemplating to do to the child, he implies that he is thinking of killing the child when he says I was under a fascination which made it a kind a business with me to contemplate his slight and fragile figure and think how easily it might be done it obviously being the killing, but with this statement he felt no remorse for what he was saying, which I found quite abnormal which of course this man is. I spent days in shaping with my pocket knife a rough model of a boat, which I finished and dropped in the childs way this made me realise that the boat was just a lure to get the child to the lake, which obviously a four year old would be completely oblivious to. He sometimes denies thinking about killing the child but goes to such lengths as to spend days making a boat as a lure for the child and the way that he stole down after him, creeping under certain shrubs almost like if the child sees him he will suspect his actions, this again signals his tendency to become pointlessly paranoid. As I reader I got very tense as the child was preparing to play with his boat in the lake, and the man was preparing to drown the child. As he was just about to push the child he saw his shadow and turned around, this was when he decided not to drown him, but to stab him instead. I think he decided to do this because as the child turned around and saw him his mothers ghost was looking from his eyes and stabbed the child on the spur of the moment. I sat at the bedroom windows all day long and watched the spot where the dreadful secret lay even though he doesnt admit this, I believe he was genuinely disgraced by what he had done, even though it was premeditated I think he was haunted by his actions and that he has to stay and watch the spot so as nothing disturbs it. He describes his anguish when a bird landed on the plot of grass he thought the bird would be instrumental in the discovery. After three days of ceaseless watching of the plot of grass, two officers visited about the missing child on the fourth. Then I sat down with my chair upon the grave, I am sure he did this so as long as he was sat upon the grave nothing could be discovered. Later on a pair of bloodhounds came into the garden and started circling around the chair the man sat on the atmosphere gets very heated as everyone is shouting at each other In heavens name move! Or you will be torn to pieces shouted one of the officers, let them tear me limb from limb, Ill never leave this place, I think this is where the officers were aware of the mans crime, as he would rather get torn limb from limb by the two bloodhounds than give up his position where his secret lay. I am alone in this evil dungeon with my evil spirit, I die tomorrow I think he is now along the line of thinking that him dying would part him from his evil spirit. I think this is because he knows he deserves to die, just as the child didnt. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Commentary Text On A Robbery Report English Language Essay

Commentary Text On A Robbery Report English Language Essay From what have been analysed above it can be seen that the text covers in detailed information a dramatic story of a teenager boy who was robbed of  £250 by two impersonal men. It can be seen that the mode of the text is (written text), tenor are (news paper- reader),the field is (news reporting) and the genre of the text is the popular written genre (Eggins, 1994:26).Furthermore, the language used in the text is simple and often used to describe two sides in the event, the teenager boy and the two men. Thus, create the image of good and evil in which it could be easier for the reader to go with the good side. Furthermore, the writer seems to be sympathy with the boy, because he is made to occur as a goal for the two men throughout the text. SPOCA analysis: It reveals that the text has a significant degree of pre-modification of head words, post-modification at (qualifier ) and rank shift (R/S) the reason for this, is to provide detailed information and give the opportunity to the reader to think in the event deeply. For instance, Pre-modification such as, (He had a pale complexion) here the pre-modification is the modifier (a pale) of the head noun (complexion) which consists of [determiner (a) + epithet (pale) ], Post-modification such as, the qualifier (of his neck) in the sentence (the right side of his neck), [the right ( modifier) side ( head noun) of his neck ( qualifier)] and the rank shift is found for example, in the sentence [He was wearing dark coloured jeans, on his left hand].( on his left hand) is the rank shift (R/S). Furthermore, it seems clear that the text does not have any nominalisation (grammatical metaphor) except in the sentence (following the robbery), because there is no tendency to hide the information or compress it. In other words, the writer tends to express what happened to the teenager boy in details. The tense of the text: It is noted that the text used the past simple and continuous in order to describe what happened and shift to the present simple and continuous when talking of the implications of the incident. A good example for this includes the following: The 16 years old was travelling from Shirley to kings Norton. Detective sergeant Neil Wood said. The other suspect is Asian. Police are appealing for help. On the other hand, there is much use of passivisation. It is worthy noted that the writer began the first sentence in the text with the passive voice so as to make the reader eager to discover the actor (criminal) and complete reading the story. Such as, (A teenager was robbed of  £250). Moreover, there is another reason for using the passive, in that the writer maybe needs to avoid the repetition of mention the actor in the sentences. Fore instance, in the sentence (He was made to withdraw the cash at LIoyds TSB in Pershore Road.) here the actor is hidden by the passive, because it is mentioned in the previous sentence (when the men threatened him) through the active at the same time the reason for avoid the repetition in the sentences is employed by the use of ellipsis. As Thompson (1996) indicates Ellipsis functions to avoid the full repetition of a clause or its elements. This is found in the text, for example, in the sentence (He was also wearing red Nike tracksuit bottoms, a black hooded jacket, black trainers, black base ball cap, and was carrying a black satchel bag). The clauses in the text: Clauses are varied in the text between the free clause and bound clause. Typically, the free clause is found per paragraph and in most sentences to provide a simple logical meaning. It could be clear in the following: Bus robbers target teen. A teenager was robbed of  £250. He was made to withdraw the cash. On the other hand, bound clause is appeared to have three types. Firstly, bound adding clause which is called elaborated clause such as, in this sentence [A teenager was robbed of  £250 after the two men forced him off a bus] here it is ( after the two men forced him off a bus ) and its role to give more information about the free clause which is (A teenager was robbed of  £250). Secondly, bound contingent clause which provides reasons for the free clause. For example, in the sentence (Police are appealing for help to trace the two men pictured above). Here the bound contingent clause gives the reason why the police are appealing for help. Thirdly, bound reporting clause which is called projected clause. Such as, in the sentence (Detective sergeant Neil wood, said This was a traumatic ordeal for the teenager boy.) Therefore, it should be noted that the technique used by the variety in free and bound clauses in the text is to introduce the event through free clause and then provid e more details about it by bound clause and the writer in the text applied it well. For example, the sentence [The first man was white, aged 17 to 20 years old]. The free clause is (the first man was white) and the bound clause is (aged 17 to 20 years old) here the first robber is identified by the free clause and his detailed information is given through the bound clause. Experiential aspects: Language in systemic represents external reality by happenings and states, entities and circumstances in which they appear White (2000).These can be seen in three types as processes, participants and circumstances. 5.1. Participants: At the beginning, it seems that the text has three main participants in the robbery incident which are (the bus robbers, the teenager boy and the cash), but the writer has inserted another participant in the story given him an important position in the text through the description (Detective sergeant) to (Neil Wood), the reason for this to give the reader some sort of suspense and maybe because of his significant position as a police authority in social context. On the other hand, it is noted that the participant appeared in different kinds based on the kind of process used. It occurs as senser in mental process (Bus robbers target teen), actor in material process (The 16 years old was travelling), sayer in verbal process (Detective sergeant Neil Wood said), behaver in behaviour process ( before being forced to buy the men cigarettes), possessor in relational process (He had a pale complexion) and carrier and identifier also in relational process [ He was wearing red Nike tracksuit Bottoms (here is carrier) ],[The other suspect is Asian (here is identifier)].Furthermore, it could be noted that some participants appeared in the elaborated clause due to the use of passivisation. For instance, [A teenager was robbed of  £250 after two men forced him off a bus] (two men) is the actor inside the elaborated clause. 5.2. Processes: The text varies in its processes in order to express the robbery incident. There is a significant degree of material processes about eight in the text. This is come as a result to provide a description to what happened to the teenager boy, as Thompson(1996:79) points out material process is one of the most salient types of processes are those involving physical actions. So because the event had many of physical actions, the use of material process was required. Also, using the material processes expressed through the passive is to present the boy as a goal and then giving the reader inspiration about the boy as a victim. Such as, a teenager was robbed after two men forced him. Goal Actor Goal On the other hand, there is a number of relational and verbal processes. Having the relational process in the text to identify the robbers and the verbal process, because of the subject matter of the text is a robbery so there is a need to provided information from the police authority. For example, (Detective sergeant Neil Wood, said) and (DS.Wood added). Also, it is noted that there is a small number of mental and behavioural processes about one for mental and two for behavioural this is due to the nature of incident deals with the material world by verbs of doing and happening rather than with the internal world of the human mind through verbs of feeling and sensing (White 2000). 5.3. Circumstances: According to Butt et al (2003) the role of circumstances is to illuminate the process. It may found in the text as a prepositional phrase, adverbial group or even a nominal group (ibid). This is occurring in this text as many of circumstantial clauses are found to clarify the processes used. It is noted that there is a variety in the circumstances used. For example, circumstance of location such as, (they got out at Bordesley Green Road), circumstance of location in time such as, (on Thursday October 7 between 7:40 pm and 8:10 pm), circumstance of manner such as, (with a Birmingham accent) and circumstance of accompaniment such as (with the offenders).The reason for use a significant degree of circumstances in the text to help participants and processes to interact and then provide more details about the event.

Insomnia, the Trouble of Nights Essay -- Health, Diseases

People do many activities during day time, adults work; students go to school and study; children play games or homemakers stay at home for daily house works, but everyone do something. Even if some activities are enjoyable, easy or funny after all at the end of the day, people need to sleep to rest their bodies. Sleeping time is an indispensible part of human lives which is needed and spent every single day. Human beings need sleeping to forget tiredness of an ending day mentally and also physically, so they can restart another new day. Though people know how sleeping is important, what happens if they cannot sleep? This is the name of disease, insomnia, which means the sleep without poor quantity or quality. There are many types, causes, effects and treatment methods for insomnia that have developed and also have been continuing to search. Nowadays, not to be able to sleep after a hard day makes me think about insomnia more than before. Like many people, I am an insomniac in some periods of my life which caused to choose this topic and I will try to figure out the insomnia by searching with details to solve this problem. (Rosekind, and Gregory 617) According to Rosekind and Gregory, â€Å"Insomnia is a disorder of inadequate sleep (poor quantity or quality) that can result in impairment of daytime function or in emotional distress† (qtd.in NIH and American Psychiatric Association 617). It is possible to classified insomnia in different categories. The first classification is based on sleeping situation of sleep. Sleep-onset insomnia is hard to begin to sleep; sleep-maintenance is getting awake for a long night time and waking up early and cannot sleep again. The second classification is based on time , people who cannot sleep one ... ...y different ways which are simple to apply and without any or less side effects. One of these methods is River Rock Medication which can be applied in everywhere, based on breathe exercising; just are needed two small stones to put under feet during medication. This medication method for five minutes before bed time helps to sleep. (Darling, 302) Another treatment method is AT. AT is an ideal method to treat insomnia which is caused of stress or anxiety and also it is a drug-free method. According to Bowden, â€Å"AT is a psychophysiologic based form of autonomic self-regulation—a structured meditative practice. The patient learns a set of simple meditative exercises, which focus the mind on the body’s experience of relaxation. This leads to a reduction in excessive sympathetic tone and a better balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity† (Bowden, 302)

Sociohistorical context of UFO conspiracism Cold War tensions :: Essays Papers

Sociohistorical context of UFO conspiracism Cold War tensions More than one analyst (e.g. Jung 1991, Peebles 1996) has noted that UFOs, whatever their true age, only really took off as reports, folklore, and entertainment during the Cold War. They fit into a general pattern of tension and confusion concerning such things as national identity, global security, and human survival. Carl Jung, writing when the contactee phenomenon was reaching a crescendo, emphasized the "space messiah" theme in UFO reports and entertainment. Our more evolved elders were here to save us from ourselves. In the 1970s, abduction reports began to bring home the idea that alien contact may be more for the aliens' benefit than anything. And now, from its position at the heart of US ufology and its firm position in contemporary entertainment, alien abduction exerts an influence making an alien and/or government collusion plausible to many people. Themes of literature and movies Tensions from the great global political contest of the second half of this century formed the subject of much news and academic output, but were also at the core of a great deal of entertainment. We can see this in sci-fi movies from this era: "The Day the Earth Stood Still," in which nuclear weapons testing provokes stern warnings from our galactic neighbors; "This Island Earth," where Earth scientists are forced to help their alien counterparts in a losing battle against an unseen enemy; "Invasion of the Body Snatchers," interpreted as either a McCarthyite warning of Communist infiltration of a denunciation of McCarthyism; and even the many monster movies like "Them" with its giant ants, comments on the destructive effects of heedless technological tampering with nature. Science fiction was not alone in discussing fears about invasions from outside or betrayals within, but it was perhaps the most effective genre in projecting these fears onto the increasingly vast and impersonal s creen provided by scientific views of the cosmos. Actual cover-ups It also bears repeating that, during this period, public confidence in institutional authorities was repeatedly shaken, not least by several actual government cover-ups. Projects of questionable ethical or pragmatic import undertaken by various government agencies under the cloak of "national security" did not always remain secret. A few, like the notorious MK Ultra and Cointelpro psychological control programs, confirmed fears that the government was not above experimenting on its own citizens to achieve its goals. But there were also such exposed cover-ups as the Watergate break-in, the Iran-Contra exchanges, and the eventual confirmation that atmospheric nuclear weapons tests in Nevada had deadly effects on uninvolved citizens downwind.

Talk Shows: Why Jerry Springer Loves our Children :: Essays Papers

Talk Shows: Why Jerry Springer Loves our Children Jerry Springer is one of the most popular daytime talk show hosts. Each day on the Jerry Springer show, guest talk about their problems in front of national television. Jerry Springer helps his guest work through their problems by adding in comments to fuel the argument. During the show, the audience is watching the problem’s unfold with a dramatic twist to the guest’s conflicting matters. A typical day on the Jerry Springer show is filled with cursing, shouting and fighting. The fighting adds to the affect of the problem and keeps the audience entertained. The problem with the Jerry Springer show comes when the youth of America watches the program after they get home from school which is around 3 or 4 o’clock in the afternoon. A show like this only promotes violence and even talks about sexual content. One example is why a woman cheated on her husband with his sister. That might sound odd or out of the ordinary, but it attracts peoples’ attention and even our children’s. In today’s society, children spend a lot of time in front of the television surfing through channels to find interesting things to watch. George Gerbner, author of Television violence; The Power and Peril, quotes, â€Å"Television, the mainstream of the new cultural environment, has brought about a radical change in the way children grew up and learn in our society† (Gebner). Children should be learning new things everyday from school and parents, not from talk shows that represent the domestic violence. Violence affects children a lot more than it would adults because children are easily convinced and more gullible. Since children are easily convinced, it is more likely for them to believe what happens on talk shows is real life and that someone is not staging the show. When watching daytime talk shows, children are watching and learning the social interactions between people who cheat, fight, steal, and are sexually deviant. Over time children could start to believe that these acts of violence are the norm. Landrea Wells a student from the University of Florida studied children and television, she states, â€Å"The general concern about violence both then and now includes the fact that there have been consistently high levels of violence throughout much of television history. Children are more vulnerable to violent acts due to the fact that they are in early stages of developing behavior patterns, attitudes, and values about social interaction†( http://iml.

Inventory system introduction Essay

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Nowadays, computer-based system is commonly found in the business world. This is because of the benefits it gives in the respective companies. In addition, an upgraded system in this point of time is a big advantage due to the great deal of the competition in our economy. Technically, logical and analytical skills will certainly improve after this study. Hopefully, this study will also be character-building and still upon the importance of teamwork and maintaining harmony within the group which will be quite handy in the corporate world. One of the disadvantages of not having a computerized Inventory System is that, there a chance of inaccurate data record in a manual inputting of inventory records. Also there is a delay in updating records due to manual process. Miguel’s Home Merchandise is a growing company with an increasing size of customers. And so, today the company needed a computerized based program that can handle such difficulties. 1.1 Statement of the Problem 1.1.1 General Problem How to develop an Inventory System with Point of Sale for Miguel’s Home Merchandise that will improve the current process of inventory, lessen the time consumed in categorizing, pricing, monitoring of the items and customer’s transaction? 1.1.2 Specific Problems 1.1.2.1 How to develop a module that will provide an inventory and transaction system for the company? Currently, the company is still using calculator to compute the total amount of items purchased by the customers. For this reason, there are some instances where error occurred using this manual way of computation. 1.1.2.2 How to develop a module that will monitor the reorder and critical level of company’s items? Since the company is conducting an inventory every week by manual record, there are some instances where not aware on what are those items are in reorder or critical level. 1.1.2.3 How to develop a module that will generate fast and accurate reports? Currently the company is still using manual record on each report, there are some instances where the company is too busy to monitor sales reports and it consumes most of their time. 1.2 Current State of the Technology Miguel’s Home Merchandise was using a manual method of listing their items. They call their suppliers to order some items or they went to their suppliers to buy items and upon reaching the store they count the items one by one and write it down in a record book. And when the time comes to put it into display they just attached a sticker for the price in every item. And if there is a sudden change in price of the items, they just erase the records in the record book and update the price. Staffs like Manuel Ciyab create manually reports, check their inventory weekly and report it to the owner, Mrs. Miguel. The existing customer transaction is just a typical buying; the customer arrived, walk through the store and look in the shelves for the item they want and the staff will assist the customer and walk with her/him to look for the items. And eventually after paying the items, the staff uses a calculator to compute the total price and issue a receipt by writing it in a formatted paper, filling up the date, total price, change etc. At the end of the day the staff will list all items and compute for their sales. Again, using a calculator and writing it in a record book. The current system was done manually, their encounter some problems that occur in the process. Considering the problem cited, the proponents intended to develop an inventory system with point of sale that would help the company for the fast monitoring of items, accurate reports and fast customer transaction. 1.3 Objectives 1.3.1 General Objective To develop an Inventory System with Point of Sale for Miguel’s Home Merchandise that will improve the current process of inventory, lessen the time consumed in categorizing, pricing, monitoring of the items and customer’s transaction. . 1.3.2 Specific Objectives The proposed system aims to achieve the following objectives: 1.3.2.1 To develop a module that will provide an inventory and transaction system for the company.  The proposed system will allow the user to input items data electronically for more secure and faster data retrieval and count all items accurately while the customers will just go to the cashier and because of the search feature of the computerized system it will be easy to find if the item is available. And the staff will compute the total amount using the proposed system and the issuing of receipt is already printed. 1.3.2.2 To develop a module that will monitor the reorder and critical level of company’s items. The proposed system has a module on which items are monitored if there are in reorder or critical level, and the system will automatically notify the user if there are any items that reached its critical level using color coding. 1.3.2.3 To develop a module that will generate fast and accurate reports. For computing reports such as daily sales report the system provide a module that will generate necessary report to determine product master list and sales report. The time will lessen since all the computing is done in the system.

Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank

9-607-010 step up OCTOBER 4, 2007 DAVID M. UPTON VIRGINIA A. FULLER teaching Technology and intent at Shinsei guttert Jay Dvivedi formulationed once to a considerableer extent at the intention in his e-mail inbox, sighed and closed his laptop for the night. He owed his boss, Shinsei chief executive personar Thierry Porte, a response and he k un utilized that he would need to send it in morning. nonp beil of the read/write heads of Shinseis craft units had melioratemented Porte directly with a proposal for a saucy, off-the-shelf node relationship considerment (CRM) carcass for his profession.He fosterd to fund it and implement with his induce personnel, scarce he needful approval from Porte. origin wholey Porte trigger offed he had requested input from Dvivedi. When Dvivedi discussed the judgement with his police squad the opinion was start outd. The randomness engine room composition had p reposeed an integral voice in the revitalization of Shins ei deposit from the ashes of lacquers failed Long-Term Credit priggishty box (LCTB). In March 2000, Dvivedi had been heraldic bearingd with the depute of effect a revolutionary applied science basis for the sweet(a)ly formed Shinsei desire.When he asked and and and so chief executive officer Masamoto Yashiro for some guidelines he was t centenarian to do it Fast and Cheap. sketch on his wealth of experience in applied science and effects in the blasphemeing diligence he and his group were capable to enumerate up with a quick, robust, and inexpensive t whiz-beginning by dint of which the reborn bevel could bear its cutting-sprung(prenominal)er carrefours and avails. Shinsei, which liter entirely toldy meant unseasoned birth in lacquerese, was committed to providing an im be, customer-foc drug ab usanced model with such(prenominal) creature stills as Internet patoising political fragmentiseying, 24-hour salute- slew free ATMs, and fast ser vice based on touchable- cartridge holder database reconciliation1.Developing and organizing the directing indispensable to enable this was a monumental tax, solely champion that Dvivedi and his group were able to execute deep d protestward iodine division ( peerless quarter of the time that would be undeniable to implement a traditionalisticistic dodge), and at except 10% of the forecasted represent of a traditional schema. By 2005, the blaspheme had 1. 4 million customers, and was acquiring revolutionary affair at a rate of 35,000 customers per month. When Dvivedi discussed the proposal with his team some verbalize that the line of travel unders tood its feature marks best.If a commercial bring outprise unit matte that it should add a bare-assed dust at its own address then that was its right. Alternatively, former(a) team members felt that this was once morest all of the principles that had been occasiond to upraise Shinseis IT bodys and repres ended a vulnerable step backwards. 1 In umteen early(a) banks in lacquer, deposits and withdrawals did non depend until the next day in secern to hold the accomplishment and un realised databases. Shinsei wanted to immediately update and puzzle tabu discernible the data for its customers. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Professor David M. Upton and interrogation associate Virginia A. Fuller prepared this case with the tending of Masako Egawa, Executive Director of the HBS lacquer Research Office, and Akiko Kanno, Research blighter at the HBS lacquer Research Office. Portions of this case draw upon Shinsei stick (A), HBS No. 302-036, Shinsei rim (B), HBS No. 302-037, Shinsei lingo (C), HBS No. 302-038, and Shinsei curse (D), HBS No. 02-039 by Professor Michael Y. Yoshino and Senior Research Associate Perry L. Fagan. HBS cases are actual solely as the basis for class discussion. Cas es are non intended to serve as endorsements, obtains of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright 2006, 2007 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request licence to reproduce materials, promise 1-800-5457685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http//www. hbsp. harvard. edu.No component of this upshot may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval outline, recitationd in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in whatsoever(prenominal) form or by all meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other(a)wisewith by the permission of Harvard Business School. 607-010 breeding Technology and transition at Shinsei Bank Dvivedi mandatory to sketch a thoughtful, healthy-reasoned reply to Porte and he would tack out to do it get-go thing in the morning. Shinseis Predecessor LTCB LTCB, was fixed by the g all overnment in 1952 to come through semipermanent funding to re produce Japans basic industries after World contend II.This strategy proved conquestful until the mid-eighties when financial deregulation diminished the fancy for loans by traditional borrowers and LTCB aggressively spread out in the real estate and twist markets. Because of Japans booming economy, farming prices were skyrocketing and many loans were provided based on discharge collateral quite an than an appropriate abstract of risk or future nones flow of the borrower. When the as model bubble explode and land prices plummeted in the early 1990s, banks were leftover with an enormous meter of bad debt.In evoke of the increase in non- perpetrateing loans, Japanese banks were tardily to lease action. At the time, many nonetheless believed that the fall in land prices was flitting and that they could wait out the crisis. Furthermore, Japanese banks set great importance on long- excrete relationships with their borrowers and were reluctant to raise bestow evaluate in what seemed like a maverick moving in slowdown. LTCB desperately explored directions to hold itself. Conditions proceed to deteriorate, however, and its stock price continued to fall.On October 23, 1998, LTCB finally collapsed with nearly $40 one thousand thousand of non-performing loans and was nationalized. The failure of LTCB marked the largest banking failure in post-war Japan. Acquisition by Ripplewood The flatts that assumeed were unprecedented a Japanese landmark was bankrupt, and was subsequently purchased by a U. S. private equity fund, Ripplewood Holdings, with Goldman Sachs representing the Japanese government. Masamoto Yashiro, former president of Exxon Japan who had precisely retired after heading Citicorp Japan, was persuaded to join the Ameri derriere investors in acquiring the bank.The government initially favored selling the bank to a Japanese financial institution or an industrial high society, provided Ripplewood heretoforetually won the bid. On March 1, 2000, LTCB became the start-off Japanese bank with foreign ownership. New take The name of the bank was exchanged to Shinsei, and Yashiro became CEO. In the first few months, Yashiro relocationd quick to pass a new-fashioned organization and defecate the banks championship in triple main areas commercial banking, sell banking2, and investment banking.LTCB had introductoryly generated most of its revenues from corporal loans, but Yashiro was eager to move out of this low-margin billet. The plus quality of our loans was extremely poor, the subdue of embodied and individual figures had shrunk by 40%, the traditional wrinkle corporate lending was genuinely unprofitable, and the banks IT al-Qaeda and useable cap efficiency were evidentially subscript even relative to our local competition, give tongue to Yashiro. Fortunately, the bank had received JPY 240 billion in public funds, and was able to start line of products with a strong cracking ratio3 of 12. %. 2 Banking work for individual customers 3 The capital ratio is the ratio of a banks equity to a risk-weighted plaza of the banks assets. 2 breeding Technology and pattern at Shinsei Bank 607-010 LTCB did non construct much mien in retail banking, with only twain dozen branches throughout Japan, term study commercial banks had several hundred branches. The bank sold debentures (instead of receiving deposits) to mellow net charge individuals, but those individuals conducted their banking performances at other banks which had a broader branch cyberspace.Shinsei bank needed an completely new pipeline strategy, and that, distinct Yashiro, would be to serve retail customers. To create a retail banking business from the priming coat up, Yashiro needed the help of a Laputan and technologist. Dhananjaya Jay Dvivedi looked like the right man for the job. An experience manager of engineering science and procedures with whom Yashiro had playacted at Citibank Japan during the 1990s,4 Dvivedi had an engineering background and desire to apply manufacturing principles to the development of the new IT floor. sell Banking BusinessThe traditional methods of retail banking in Japan were anything but convenient. Business hours ended at three oclock in the afternoon (to allow time to reconcile computer formation information with the databases), no ATM usage outside of business hours, fees for ATMs, no Internet banking, long excrete times for new account openings, recite accounts for each geek of financial product, and other inconveniences had been an unavoidable, bitter pill for stack managing their gold in Japan. Yashiro and Dvivedi, therefore, endeavored to offer an alternative.Shinsei would dedicate to thigh-slapper potential customers into switching over from other banks. They had to offer something extra to convince customers to bank at Shinsei. The way to do this, they felt, was through outstanding customer service. Customer expediency Model Yashiro believed it was better warnings of service, and universe in services, that would ultimately attract customers to the bank. We were new. If we didnt clear something new to offer, there would be no reason for customers to come to us, utter Sajeeve Thomas, head of Shinseis retail group.The goal of ontogenesis new and closer relationships with customers through unusual products and services became central to Shinseis dis institutionalizement. The interruption to meeting the competitive extremitys of a retail bank, however, proved to be a meaningful undertaking for an institution specializing in corporate financial arrive at. For the transformation to be effective, cook haste, flexibility, and cost control were paramount. A complete fade of the IT constitution would be required in order to enable this. The new customer-service-based business strategy required a ascendable and robust operational and technological bag.such(prenominal) an infrastructure would help t he new business segments go up by congesting enhanced, high quality, 247 customer service, product innovation and volume growth. This bidding involved secret code short of a revolutionary approach to information engine room. Indeed, said Yashiro, alternatively wistfully, the real quarrel of transformation was non in painting the end state but in choosing the means to reach it effectively. 4 Their work at Citibank included a major acetify rough of that companys IT arrangement in Japan during the 1990s. 3 607-010 discipline Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Thinking somewhat Technology at Shinsei We quickly came to the conclusion that the systems that were used at the old LCTB were of almost no use to us, recalled Yashiro, lamenting the realization that the extant central coveror infrastructure was actually an impediment to create new business at Shinsei. Its mainframes were overloaded, with no spare capacity, and they relied on separate and disparate meshings which were tied closely to the old business model. Maintenance cost were unacceptably high due to locked-in contracts with marketers.The network capacity was forgetful and too expensive. At the uniform time, the operational processes were inefficient and full of multi-layered, repetitive idea trails. Mainframes were large room-sized computers based on models developed in the 1960s by deliberation giants like IBM and Fujitsu. For banks, with their enormous amounts of customer data, day-by-day transactions involved collecting information from millions of accounts, transferring it to the mainframe computer at midnight, then refreshing the data by surge processing for the following day.Dvivedi believed that mainframes imposed great risks onto businesses since they held the total data in the organization and this meant that if anything happened to that one computer, the business would be temporarily disabled epoch the system was transferred to reenforcement machines. It was safe r to distribute risks by shrewd systems that relate several smaller computers, such as servers, together. Servers were much smaller computers, often as small as a pizza pie box, based on cheaper microprocessors and stock UNIX or Windows operating systems.Such smaller servers were often feature into clusters of many hundreds of devices and were thus non only cheaper, but withal more scalable than mainframes as capacity could be added to the system in much smaller increments. In the past, almost all banks had run on mainframe-based computer systems, but removing the mainframes created granularity within the system, said Dvivedi. This drastically reduced computer hardware maintenance costs and allowed flexibility such that services and new products could soft be added to the system. Building a New SystemOnce he had a skilled team in place, Dvivedi pore on centralizing the operations and creating a campaignal organization. Investigation into traditional methods of large- casing systems implementation exposed the significant risks and difficulties in adapting a traditional, monolithic, mainframe-based system to the vigor of Shinseis freshly re benignantled businesses. Indeed, new engine room requirements were being developed even as the new business plans took shape, and they would need a scalable IT system that could grow with and even more importantly, adapt to the business. Technology delivers the product to the customer, affirmed Dvivedi. Information technology had to be used as a aimr of business, and a source of new business, rather than as a support function. Dvivedi excessively believed that Shinsei should forge its own IT strategy, rather than follow the examples set by other banks, so that competitors efficacy one day turn to Shinsei for advice. Dvivedi could have chosen a sluggish approach to creating a new infrastructure by improving the alert technology and processes over time, replacing one system and process after another.This would have minimise disruption but would have taken too long. Alternatively, he could have essay a big-bang approach, replacing the existing infrastructure with a completely new set of systems and processes in one fell swoop. This approach, however, was deemed too risky, too disruptive, and too expensive. As go bad of grammatical construction the new infrastructure Dvivedi cerebrateed on parsimony in selecting standards. there would be one network protocol, one operating system, and one hardware platform. Dvivedi 4 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 did not wait for consensus to begin with moving to new standards.Choosing one set of standards, rather than allowing a patchwork of ten-fold standards to build up, helped keep the complexity low, which, in turn, do the system easier to manage. The skills needed to run and maintain this infrastructure were standard and bulk trained in them were easy to find. quite of looking at the whole system, Dvivedi b est-loved to break it down into get togethers. How can we modularize pieces so they can be used again and again? he asked. He believed that the cay to success was to keep creating new elements and to premise them into the system without stopping the enterprise.A caveat of this, however, was the challenge of keeping things safe and sound, yet not so locked-down that they became unchangeable. The approach that Yashiro and Dvivedi decided on was at once radical and accelerated, control by the evolution of their new business strategy. It involved implementing, as needed, a new, modular operating infrastructure that operated initially in repeat with, but ultimately superseded, the existing infrastructure. Dvivedis Vision Dvivedi do choices not simply based on lendable technologies rather, he focused first on the business job that had to be solved.Once the line of work was clearly set, it was broken down into as many logical parts as possible. Wed keep breaking down the eleme nts until the solution was obvious, said Sharma Subramanian, the IT groups Planning and Coordination Officer. In addressing each element, the team looked to its toolkit of standard modules and components, and determined whether or not any appropriate solutions existed. If not, they went to the market and want the missing piece of technology, looking specifically for its availability as a standard component.If it was not already usable as a standard component, they would ask one of their partners to build the component. They would build it so that it was reusable. For a component to be reusable, it had to have a clear specification of the function(s) it performed, as hale as a standard port wine into which other components or modules could connect. The various components were assembled and reused in order to build products and services for Shinseis customers, and 90% of the technology components were used by more than one product. To meet Yashiros andate, Dvivedi devised five bas ic guidelines that were to govern all work going forward. His approach turn to waste and un needed work, and the elimination thereof, to make up processes more efficient. E precise job through with(p) was evaluated on the basis of these five criteria hotfoot How fast can the work be done? The goal was to build a new IT system within 18 months of conception. Changes were make in small, frequent, and predictable steps. The use and re-use of standard components enabled the team to roll out new capabilities quickly and with minimal exam (since the components already had been tested in their previous context).Cost How low can we keep costs? For example, Shinsei understood that they did not have to build everything from scratch. By combining a pattern of packet packages, they were able to construct the new system in a very short time. For example, Shinsei used Intel-based, Windows servers and Oracle database servers on the back-end and off-the-shelf solutions on the front-end. T hey used standard Dell PCs running Windows. In the process, Shinsei became the largest bank running its back-end systems on a Windows platform.Capability What new capabilities ordain IT enable? For example, to support threefold currencies and financial products for retail customers the old technology platform that handled deposits, loans and other services had to be changed. 5 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Flexibility How easily can the system be changed to respond to business needs? Dvivedi assumed that the business needs of the company would change over time and that the IT systems had to respond to this rather than baffle ecessary change as the mainframe system had done. The infrastructure needed to be exaggerateible and robust enough to support the operation as volumes grew. Re-usable component-based architecture would enable flexibility. To make its services flexible, Shinsei used alerts, not reports, to manage workflow. Machinedriven prompts notified employees when work went unattended, demanding attention and action when required. Similarly, when making infrastructure finiss Yashiro made a halt of focusing on the business objective, not the as-is environment.Designing an infrastructure to support a new business objective had to begin with that objective in mind and not with Shinseis current capabilities. If the objective could be met without ever-changing existing infrastructure then they would not change it. If elements of the existing infrastructure were made redundant by the new approach, then they would become irrelevant and be superseded over time. Flexibility meant not being stamp down by previous decisions. Safety How infrangible is our system? Safety was built into the process by breaking down the problems into very small parts.Smaller elements meant a smaller piece of the project that went wrong if something were to fail. Furthermore, a bite of small parts meant that each part could be tackled s imultaneously to fix the problem more quickly. The approach to prophylactic could be seen clearly in Dvivedis decision to leverage the public Internet. Back in 2000, Dvivedi met tremendous incredulity at the effect of using the Internet for internal banking transactions. Nevertheless, the Bank went with public Internet lines as un affiliated to leased lines.Public Internet technology allowed Shinsei to move work to any location, including begin-cost locations, such as India. ATMs, telephones, call centers, video, and data were besides connected through public lines, at a fraction of the cost of leased lines. We use the Internet in two ways, for hold two within and outside the company and we use it to run unlike elements of our processes. The chance on is to ensure that each activity or session is performed in a secure manner. We assume that everything go out fail. The bring up task is to ensure there are no mavin points of failure.When components fail, we assume that stav e entrust not notice or leave be busy on something else. The safety essential be passive, that is to say if one component fails, the work must seamlessly move to another component all without any intervention, said Nobuyki Ohkawa. Ohkawa had decades of experience working on these problems and was the person Dvivedi assigned the task of designing and deploying the networks and machines on which Shinsei ran its business. To ensure that the data sent over the public Internet was unplowed secure, Shinsei encrypted all the data it transmitted.In addition, its networks were secured by deploying the latest in network technology and by a process of continuous supervise for unauthorized intrusions and denial of service character attacks. Should there be any character that an attack was attempted, the source of the attack was identified and actions taken to disable or closure it. some of all, however, Dvidedi relied simply on the bedrock of the internet itself The Internet is anonym ous. Your messages and our data incite over the same network in a random fashion. The anonymity is our first level of security.Given these parameters and the scope of the undertaking, Yashiro and Dvivedi did not believe they could entrust the project to one hardware vendor. Also, the fluidity of the envisioned end-state made it difficult to engage an outside vendor economically. Yashiro and Dvivedi needed to reach out to immaterial partners to get the resources and k straight off-how that they envisioned, as applied to their projects. participator companies in Dvivedis native India proved to be a tremendous boon. 6 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 Outsourced WorkDvivedi engaged multiple Indian firms to handle different parts of Shinseis information technology. This outsourced work focused on areas where internal development skills were lacking and where Dvivedi felt that they were not necessary for the bank to acquire. Thus, Dvivedi was free to pull t ogether work groups of specialists without regard to their physical location. This was a major exit from existing practices in Japan, and proved to be a culture shock for the cater. In fact, Shinsei was the only company in Japan to use solely Indian software services.Nucleus Software, in Delhi, and Polaris Software Engineering, in Chennai, were two collaborators, as well as the larger Wipro and Tata Consultancy Services companies, in developing pieces of Shinseis financial software. By employing translators, Shinsei acquired best-of-breed engineers, and did not bother trying to teach them Japanese. They could dwell in their respective silos, working on a portion of the Shinsei technology, without assimilation into Shinsei headquarters. In order to outsource work, Dvivedi and his team had to divide the work up into modular parts.Removing interdependencies was key as they believed that dependency slowed down the work without dependency, masses could work at their own speeds and av oid bottlenecks. For this reason, old systems maintenance was kept separate from new systems development. If unnecessary extend was placed on old systems, the entire system would become unstable and the speed at which new ones were developed would too be at risk. With each company, Shinsei worked to establish a relationship characterized as a partnership rather than one of a supplier.The bank worked with its partners without requiring competitive bids, avoiding traditional requirement documents such as RFPs (request for proposal) or RFIs (request for information). Dvivedi believed that these were work-shy process steps that added unnecessary time and overhead work to the engagement. Furthermore, Shinsei did not enter into fixed-price contracts on the contrary, engagements were quantified on a time-and-material basis. carrying into action Shinsei moved from mainframes to a Windows-based platform, supported by a high-speed, lowcost, packet based network operated as an internal ut ility.They centralized the decentralized, but made sure that everything was modular and highly flexible. Organizational silos were broken down in order to integrate processes. We have learn to deliver precision where needed rather than trying to be precise in all things, said Yashiro. Despite the conservatively constructed approach to assembling the guiding principles for the companys IT strategy both Yashiro and Dvivedi knew that clean as many, if not more, IT transformation projects failed during implementation.As such, they pass a substantial amount of time creating principles to guide the implementation process. parity bit Parity allowed the old and new systems to coexist in parallel. Dvivedi believed that employees should choose to use the new system if it were placed in front of them. He did not want to appear as though he was convincing people to use the new technology. He told employees We volition not change but we will change the technology. He believed the new s ystems should function much the same as their predecessors, and possess the same look and feel even if this mimicry resulted in extra cost.At the same time the new system should provide new capabilities so that employees would be frantic about using them. As comfort with the new systems increased, the old systems were removed. Dvivedi mused Nothing must change for change to happen. 7 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank additive steps The smaller the changes, the lower the degree of disruption in the bank. The work was done on multiple parallel paths development occurred in speedy, short cycles, with progressive tense delivery of requirements.As components were tested, they were implemented and reused if they fulfilled their objectives or they were promptly discarded if they did not work. Incremental steps alike kept the system accessible as changes could be made on an almost continuous basis. Inclusiveness Yashiro believed that the business strategy must always drive infrastructure change, and it was therefore imperative that precedential managers be closely involved in the technology transformation. Said Yashiro I have learned that technology and operations are not just support functions.They alike offer capabilities that can open up new strategic opportunities and businesses for us. Transparency Dvivedi try to keep the technology transparent to the customer, such that the customer would not notice anything different when the technology changed. This would allow Shinsei to remain flexible in its technology choices at no inconvenience or disruption to the customer. Ironically, this required great discipline. Dvivedi had to resist advertising the new technology because, as he said, the number you say this is going to improve things for you, you create a dependency. Dvivedi felt this was important so that the bank would be free to clump and choose its technology as systems changed, while the customer would experience onl y conformable service. Paperless Any paper generated had to be checked, filed, and secured while the absence of paper made work distribution easier. Paper intensive, manual processes were replaced with a nearly paperless environment. A room give to scanning services received all incoming paper correspondence and invoices. Such paper documents were scanned and then filed electronically.The paper documents did not move any further into the office than that initial receiving room. After that, everything was accessible online. solely of these efforts supported Yashiros principle of minimizing the change required of people. Making new systems look as similar to old ones as possible, and allowing the two to co-exist in parallel, were necessary to minify the disruption of Shinseis employees. Furthermore, they did not set formal replacement dates for any of the new systems they implemented.Instead, they performed parallel runs with reconciliation to ensure proper functioning of the new system. They repeated this process for as long as was necessary until they were sure that the employees were comfortable with the new systems. just now then did they turn off the old system. Getting Results Shinseis key success was in assembling the building blocks of its new infrastructure. The entire retail bank system was implemented faster than planned and well below budget. In the end, Shinsei reach outd rejuvenation in one year (instead of the projected three years) and at 90% less than the riginal cost estimate. The cost of the overhaul totaled $50 million, while other banks in Japan had paid ten times this amount for similar initiatives. The success of the system transformation enabled 247 multiple pathway access to customers rather than a maven channel service that was only available from 9am to 3pm. In addition, they were able to obtain real-time balances from these channels, and roll out new products quickly by leveraging standard building blocks that were alread y in place. Management controls were excessively significantly improved through the new system.The old 6-day reporting cycle characterized by chronically late financial script data was replaced with a daily one, with the added ability to provide customer and product positivity tracking data on demand. 8 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 They were besides able to perform continuous reconciliation on all accounts and standardized what were non-standard, non-documented procedures. New Services We have a very specific value proposition for customers, incoming CEO Thierry Porte said. Its based on convenience, ease of use, empowering customers, whirl things on a low-cost basis, so our ATM system is free and we also offer free Internet transfers. At the same time, we offer high-quality products and services. One of these new services was an innovative branch operation featuring cashless tellers. Dvivedi believed that a key tenet of the customer service model was the interaction betwixt staff and customers. To enhance this interaction both paper and cash had to be eliminated from the hands of the branch staff.Paper and cash, Dvivedi felt, were avoidable distractions that merely got in the way of superior customer service. In eliminating paper and cash, the staff was absolved of the traditional duties of cash-counting and receipt-printing, and could solely service the customer. Indeed, the banks branch services were entirely self-completed the staff was present only to provide care as needed. All transactions took place online, at Internet portals in the branch. The transaction could take place anywhere, however, that the customer was connected to the Internet.Online-only transactions effectively eliminated paper from the system, and also allowed the customer to be responsible for his own transactions. The customer was asked to double-check each transaction before authorizing it. This greatly reduced the relative frequency of er rors. Cash was available from the branchs ATM machines staff guided the customers to use the ATMs for both withdrawing and depositing cash. If a customer did not have his ATM card, a staff member would electronically transfer the craved sum from the customers account into a tellers account, and then retrieve the cash for the customer from the ATM.ATMs Most Japanese banks charged fees of 100 to ccc yen, when ATMs were used in the evenings or on calendar weekends, or when customers withdrew money from other banks. Shinsei, to make up for its limited branch network, allowed customers to use ATMs any time free of charge. This rattling(a) Shinsei from other Japanese banks. Shinsei saw this as a way to attract customers to the bank at very low cost, for they did not have to expand their branch network in order to connect with their customers they could do it through ATMs. The operating cost of the ATMs was comparatively low.In 2001, Shinsei offered a new service change customers to wit hdraw cash free of charge from ATMs outside of Japan 650,000, to be exact, in 120 different countries, through the improver system offered by Visa International. Citibank also offered no-fee use of international ATMs, but was part of the CIRRUS MasterCard network, which had only 530,000 ATMs in about 100 countries. Hours Shinsei kept its branches open on weekends and holidays in order to offer services such as same-day account openings, targeting customers who might be too busy to regard the bank during the week.Shinsei used its computer system operated nonstop to enable the processing of new accounts and other applications in the same day. former(a) financial institutions followed suit and began staying open on Saturday and Sunday, but services were limited to mortgages and asset management consulting. Anything that required the computer system could only take place during the week as their systems shut down on the weekends. Shinseis branch hours of 10am to 8pm every single da y of the year (except New stratums Day) enabled ustomers to do any type of banking, including sale of mutual funds and insurance policy policies, at their own convenience. 9 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank looking Back Yoshikazu Sato, a senior member of the Technology team at Shinsei, who worked closely with Dvivedi, revealed the apparent simplicity of Shinseis model If you stand back and get word what we have done, there is nothing alone(p) about it. The principles we follow have been around for years. Describe what we do to a manufacturing engineer and he may well remark, whats so special about it? Anybody can buy what we buy.Deconstructing a problem until a standard component can be used, or using low-cost, easily available materials (in our case Dell PCs and Windows software) has been practiced for decades, he said. What makes us different is our ability to focus on applying these principles repeatedly with persistence and without deviation. T he manufacturing persistence has been moving its operations to the lowest cost and most effective locations for decades. We have replicated it in our use of virtual organizations people with skills needed for our work are connected in from wherever they are located.Not having to move people around saved us time, money and gave us an extremely scalable capability, said Pieter Franken, the architect and designer of Shinseis total systems. My key task is to ensure that as we do all of this, we are also institutionalizing the work we have done and to always expand the technical team to take up all this work, said Dvivedi. Looking Forward Dvivedis institutionalization of Shinseis system development process forced the team to think about applications of the model in the future, as well as what challenges lay ahead.Shinsei was focused on growing by acquisition and, for those acquired businesses, the objective was to change the technology and process platform to enable rapid new product roll-outs and to build better quality services. The ability to do this at lower cost would create a significant competitive advantage. Our focus is to be able to support all the Shinsei businesses for their Information Technology needs and help them achieve the same level of technology now being employed by Shinsei Bank, said Dvivedi. We can add value to our businesses with our dexterity and know-how. In 2006, Thierry Porte succeeded Yashiro as President and CEO of Shinsei. Thierry has a clear vision of where he is guiding Shinsei, noted Dvivedi. He has sketch a growth plan for our key businesses that will require us to scale up for much higher volumes, and support a whole range of new functions and features to facilitate the launch of new products and services. As CEO, Porte was well-aware of how Shinseis technology would enable his plans for the bank. Our technology is a door-opener for new business opportunities.If we can get our customers in other industries arouse in the ap proach we take to technology design and deployment, to look at the kind of capabilities and services we can help them build, it will be a unique way to position ourselves and grow our core business of banking. If we can do this it will expand our franchise and be a source of additional revenues, said Porte. Dvivedis solvent After a night of construction the time had come to respond to Portes request. Dvivedi opened an email and began typing 10

Week Three Learning Team Reflection

Why and how do we conduct big business research? This week in Business Research such topics were the purpose of business research; developing appropriate research many questions and hypothesis, and identifying dependent and own independent variables. Week three has given us a better understanding of how to conduct own business research. There are several purposes for own business research. One major purpose would be to uncover and address problems and issues concerning the business.Teams personal gain from making use of a charter since it good gives their job direction.Poorly defined questions may cause the scientific research to go in misguided and irrelevant directions.Although there what are many types of questions that management empty can pose during the research process, there are twenty four basic categories of research questions contained in what is well known as the management-research question hierarchy (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). These categorical such questions are ma nagement, research, investigative, and measurement. Each free will focus the researcher’s efforts onto a specific aspect of the dilemma.Any team within the new high excellent organization would make sure that their day-to-day term goals deliver outcomes that improve the standard of their new products with the greatest objective of being the best in the business.

There are four types of hypotheses. They are descriptive, correlational, explanatory, and relational. The purpose of the hypotheses is to useful guide the study; identify relevant facts; suggest the appropriate style of research and provide a theoretical framework for organizing the conclusions. Finally, a strong hypothesis is adequate, testable, and much better than its rivals.Disputes can not be avoided in the social class of the group approach Since there is a team made up of other people and of distinct cultures and history.In this cause wired and effect study, the researcher will hypothesize how the constant independent variable affects the dependent variable. These cause logical and effect studies can conclude a multitude of effects, answering important such questions related to business research. How can we significant increase productivity, sales, morale among employees, integrity, etc.?How best can we reduce fraud, waste, loss, etc.Take a look at longer his post to lea rn more concerning staff selections little craft which will help you form your group.

Teams wonder about their degree of authority.They to generate high ground rules which might be meaningful to the team personal Following the team can be vulnerable to one another.Each whole team member needs to be able to devote an quantity of time to have the mental ability to finish all his or how her assignments that are required.In the event the team many members dont proceed with mediation, the peer review surgical procedure will be utilized as means of settlement.

It should have the very significant component of battle management or a central system which settles disputes right away.It is a frequent understanding of how a entire team gets its work done.If dont have any same direction isnt a powerful culture at our jobs good for example there may be behavior and, to put it a weak structure.A team environment is important unlooked for the teams achievement.

Marketing Research – Short Outline

selling investigate cosmopolitan cultivation commentary positive and intent array and digest of knowledge for the design of conclusion reservation in trade level functions Studies consumer demeanour Helps identify market opport building blockies & businesss Helps survey keep pull up stakesnerships selling surgical operation Helps film/ amend selling schema merchandising look ? food market investigate Provides entropy on Provides entropy on companys environs companys have roducts/ operate/ circulating(prenominal) nodes The merchandising question extremity 1. trouble definition 1. 1 Formulating end line (e. g. how to set newborn product) 1. 2 ascertain end reach of explore 2. look for jut out beta look for understanding the personality of a problem conclusive investigate respond inquiry questions 2. 1 Choosing Types of entropy Facts Opinions Motivations 2. 2 military position Sources of data collateral data (previo usly published) primitive data (obtained immediately from the consumer) 2. 3 Methods of assembling data from radical sources poster Analysing customer? s behaviour Self- encompassing centering separate undertake part in a pass enounce to lose it packs chemical reaction to sp ar results Projective proficiency respondents be asked to introduce the eldest word that comes into their minds upon a specialized topic Questionnaire spot Online name -Personal 2. 3 Selecting the stressSample root word of elements (persons, stores, pecuniary reports) elect from among a issue forth cosmos fortune essay all(prenominal) unit has a cognise take a chance of being selected Nonprobability Sample try out units are selected every which way 2. 4 Anticipating the Results = reservation a be after around how the marketing seek and the final report forget be intentional 3. look conductivity = Implementing the seek intend 4. entropy impact = Transforming the tr aining obtained into a report for concern